#Virtual crash 3 full
The first successful frontal full car crash simulation: a Volkswagen Polo collided with a rigid concrete barrier at 50 km/h (ESI 1986). Upon presentation of a simulation of the accidental crash of a military fighter plane into a nuclear power plant on by ESI Group in a meeting organized by the Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) in Stuttgart, car makers became alerted to the possibility of using this technology for the simulation of destructive car crash tests (Haug 1981). The origins of industrial first principle computerized car crash simulation lie in military defense, outer space and civil nuclear power plant applications. " First principle" simulations like more elaborate finite element models, however, need only the definition of the structural geometry and the basic material properties ( rheology of car body steel, glass, plastic parts, etc.) as an input to generate the numerical model. In the years 1970 attempts were made to simulate car crash events with non-linear spring-mass systems after calibration, which require as an input the results of physical destructive laboratory tests, needed to determine the mechanical crushing behavior of each spring component of the modeled system. Guide rail tests evaluate vehicle deceleration and rollover potential, as well as penetration of the barrier by vehicles. To model real crash tests, today's crash simulations include virtual models of crash test dummies and of passive safety devices ( seat belts, airbags, shock absorbing dash boards, etc.). Important results are the deformations (for example, steering wheel intrusions) of the occupant space (driver, passengers) and the decelerations (for example, head acceleration) felt by them, which must fall below threshold values fixed in legal car safety regulations. During a crash simulation, the kinetic energy, or energy of motion, that a vehicle has before the impact is transformed into deformation energy, mostly by plastic deformation ( plasticity) of the car body material ( Body in White), at the end of the impact.ĭata obtained from a crash simulation indicate the capability of the car body or guard rail structure to protect the vehicle occupants during a collision (and also pedestrians hit by a car) against injury. Crash simulations are used by automakers during computer-aided engineering (CAE) analysis for crashworthiness in the computer-aided design (CAD) process of modelling new cars. A crash simulation with a slender (left) and obese (right) female passenger.Ī crash simulation is a virtual recreation of a destructive crash test of a car or a highway guard rail system using a computer simulation in order to examine the level of safety of the car and its occupants.
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